Math card tricks is magic card tricks that based on mathematics principle. Some people that learn magic card tricks, like an "easy" tricks, tricks that does not require difficult move to perform. To some people, sleight of hands are difficult to do, and some others do not have enough time to practice. That is why math card tricks has it's own attractiveness.
I am not sure this is an aritmethic or other branch of mathematics based math card tricks; but these card tricks use column and rows and simple way to spread the cards, and make the chosen card identified at the end of the tricks.
Card tricks that use math and spelling to somehow make the card show itself after we spelt the card name. For example: Ace of hearts, then we spelt it A,c,e then o,f then h,e,a,r,t,s. One character usually equal with one card. Some of this math card tricks are impromptu and some need arrangement before the performance. Two thumbs up for the creativity and the "brain" that use math to create these kind of card tricks.
Many of the math card tricks require you to do preparation before the magic performance. The cards need to be aranged in some ways before the performance to make the tricks working. Below are card tricks that need you to arrange the cards before you performed the tricks.
Well, not all, but most of math card tricks are self working card tricks. I define self working card tricks as follow the instruction and the tricks is done. Most of people who perform the math card tricks even do not know why the tricks is working. They just do the instruction and the tricks are done by itself.
Even if most of the mathematical card tricks are self working card tricks, do not forget that the main purpose of magic card tricks is to entertain people. So you must remember to perform as "entertainer", and not to perform it as math teacher that teach math through card tricks. Eventhough the math card tricks can use to attract kids to like maths, but if you perform it plain, then the main purpose to attract the kids to like maths will not achieved.
Sometimes to make it not so "plain", some math card tricks requires you to do simple magic technique. It is not some difficult move, it is only some easy manipulation and distraction technique. And sometimes also require you to do easy basic sleight of hands like false shuffle or false cut to conceal the fact that the cards is arranged. It is all for the purpose to make the math card tricks more fun and entertaining.